TECHNICAL PRINCIPLE

When the perovskite light-absorbing layer is irradiated by sunlight, electrons in its material are excited to transition from the valence band to the conduction band, generating electron-hole pairs.

In the heterojunction formed between the perovskite layer and the electron transport layer (such as C₆₀) and the hole transport layer (such as Ni0), the built-in electric field drives electrons to move towards the electron transport layer and holes to move towards the hole transport layer, achieving effective charge separation.

After the external circuit is connected to a load, the separated electrons flow back through the external circuit, recombine with holes, forming a continuous current, thereby supplying current to the load.